PSG has now claimed the season-opening trophy on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.